Endocrinology

Endocrinology

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Diabetes Mellitus
Potassium
Sodium and Water balance
Thyroid
Endocrinology of Suprarenal gland and Stress Response
Diabetes Insipidus
DIDMOAD syndrome
Endocrine Disease
Endocrinology of pituitary and hypothalamus
Endocrinology In Children
Glucose
Glycogen Storage Diseases
Goals and Objectives
Hyperlipidaemia
Hyperuricaemia
Hypoalbuminaemia
Hypomagnesaemia
Lipid Metabolism
Paraprotein
Phaechromocytoma
Pregnancy
Hormones
Urea and Creatinine
Endocrinology of Calcium, Phosphate and Bone
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia

Diabetes Mellitus

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Obesity

Hypercalcaemia

Hypocalcaemia

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroisism

Osteoporosis

Hypoglycaemia

Pituitary

tumours

Acromegaly

Hyperprolactinaemia

Cushing's syndrome

Male / Female Hypogonadism

Amenorrhoea

Hypertension

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Hirsutism

Diabetes Insipidus

Paget's disease of bone

Osteomalacia

Rickets

Hyperlipidaemia

Addison's Disease

Phaechromocytoma

Symptoms

Signs

Investigations

Cortisol suppression test

Treatments

Diabetes

Statins

Oestrogen replacement / Oral contraceptive pill

Thyroidectomy

Pituitary surgery

Bisphosphonates

Background

14.1.1 General principles of endocrine control For any particular hormone, you will be expected to know:

its chemical class & broad structure
site and mechanism of production & release
stimuli that cause or inhibit its release
pattern of secretion into the blood/ecf
mechanism of transport in the blood/ecf (general principles of half-life and clearance)
principal target tissue(s) & receptors
mechanism of action in target tissue(s)
principal effects; regulatory systems in which it is involved
major effects of excess, deficiency or inappropriately regulated secretion of the hormone,
including hormone resistance in target

NB In year 2 you will be expected to understand the way in which combinations of hormones play a role in integrated physiological control mechanisms

14.1.1.1 Routes of control of target tissue(s)

long distance (endocrine)
local (paracrine and autocrine)

14.1.1.2 Classes of function: activational and organisational effects

in development, growth and differentiation
in homeostasis, including anticipatory responses; stress responses
in control of reproduction

14.1.1.3 Hormones in blood and tissues

a concept of the approximate range of concentrations at which hormones, in general, are found
pulses, rhythms (diurnal, reproductive)
methods of assay: bioassay, chemical assays, binding assays, immunoassay

14.1.1.4 Role of hormones in homeostasis

the variable being controlled (the quantity is often important, e.g. level blood glucose, plasma calcium)
the factors that disturb homeostasis
how changes in the controlled variable are sensed
the part that hormones play (with other factors) in the homeostatic control loop
anticipatory mechanisms

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