|
7.2.7 Integrated Functions in the Upper Limb
| Hand as a mechanical organ:
important types of grip;
opposition;
axis of the hand;
position of function;
role of pronators and supinators. |
Implications for hand function of major nerve
injuries. |
| Importance of fixation of other joints in the
limb to support the hand. |
|
| Hand as a sensory organ. |
|
7.2.8 Skills and Procedures
7.2.8.1 Clinical examination
| Major bony landmarks, esp. around shoulder
and elbow |
|
| Nerve function (muscle action and power,
nerve reflexes e.g. biceps). Main sensory supply. |
|
| Identification of principal pulse pressure
points as surface landmarks. |
|
7.2.8.2 Imaging
| Plain radiographs: identification of
principal bony landmarks (see previous sections). |
|
| CT and MRI scans: identification of principal
structures and landmarks. |
|
| Contrast radiographs; angiographs,
identification of principal arteries, veins, lymphatics. |
Arthrograms. |
7.2.8.3 Special Investigations
| Testing motor and sensory innervation |
Electromyograms. |
7.2.8.4 Clinical procedures
| Venepuncture and venous cannulation: points
of access.
Measurement of systemic arterial pressure |
Rationale for positioning of joints when
setting in plaster after fracture. |
|