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- ascension of the atlas fused to the ascension of the axis
- articular facet at front
- forms non-weightbearing joint with arch of atlas
- Connected to the occiput by the alar ligaments and apical ligaments
- from sloping upper edge to foramen magnum
- inner ligaments limit rotation of head, v. strong
- weak apical ligament joins apex of peg to anterior margin of foramen
magnum
- remnant of notochord
- lies in front of upper longitudinal bone of cruciform ligament
- seen on 'open mouth' X-rays
- fracture causes retropharyngeal haematoma
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