Opioids

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Opioids

• major painkillers

Drugs in class

• morphine
• diamorphine (heroine)
• codeine
  • pro-drug
  • 5-25% cannot metabolise
• dextropropoxyphene
• pethidine
  • no pupil constriction
  • no histamine release

Mechanism of Action

• act on mu-receptors

Actions

• analgesia
• nausea and vomiting
• constipation
• sedation / euphoria
• respiratory depression
• antitussive
• pupillary constriction
• histamine release
• urinary retention

Side Effects

• nausea
• constipation
• histamine release
  • itching
  • bronchospasm
• Withdrawal

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