Agoraphobia

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Agoraphobia


  • refers to public meeting places (agora = market)
  • fear includes
    • being in places form which escape is difficult or embarrassing
    • falling ill
    • having panic in public
  • leads to avoidance and anticipatory anxiety

Diagnosis

  • ICD-10
    • 2 of 4 from fear /avoidance of
      • crowds
      • public places
      • travelling alone
      • travelling far from home
  • DSM-IV
    • central role of panics / fear of having panic

History

  • Worse when alone or far from home
  • better with trusted companion
  • often associated with panics, depressive and obsessional symptoms
  • may be generalised anxiety
  • loss of libido but no increase in marital problems
  • may be associated with dependant personality traits
  • onset typically 18-35 years, earlier in those with childhood seperation anxiety
  • precipitants unclear but increased life events prior to onset
  • 2x more prevalent among women (lifetime rate 6-10%)

Course

  • fluctuating
  • if last 1yr then unchanged at 5 yr without treatment

Treatment

  • Tricyclics (imipramine) build dose slowly to typically 150mg/d
  • MAOIs (Phenelzine 45mg/d)
  • Benzodiazepines not recommended in UK, (alprazolam licensed in US)

 

 

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