Class I
- up to 15% blood loss
- (750ml in 70-kg adult)
- mild tachycardia
- no other cardiovascular changes
Class II
- 15-30%
- (750-1500ml)
- tachycardia
- tachypnoea
- narrowed pulse pressure
- no drop in systolic pressure
- urine output mildly affected
Class III
- 30-40%
- (1500-2000ml)
- "lowest volume loss to produce reliable drop in systolic blood
pressure"
- tachycardia
- tachypnoea
- hypotension
- reduced mental function
- oliguria
Class IV
- >40%
- (>2litres)
- immediately life threatening
- marked tachycardia
- marked tachypnoea
- very narrow pulse pressure
- hypotension
- possible unconsciousness
- anuria
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