Examination of Cardiovascular System

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Examination of Cardiovascular System

• Introduction, exposure
  • patient at 45º
• General
  • Pallor
  • Breathlessness
  • Cyanosis
  • Audible murmurs, heart sounds
• Hands
  • Clubbing
  • splinter haemorrhages
  • Peripheral cyanosis
  • cool peripheries
  • tendon xanthomata
  • tar staining
  • Janeway lesions / Oslers nodes
• Pulse
  • rate
  • rhythm
  • volume
  • radio-femoral delay
    • coarctation of aorta
  • collapsing pulse
• Blood pressure
• Face
  • pallor
  • xanthelasma
  • corneal arcus
  • malar flush
  • central cyanosis
• Neck
  • carotid pulse
  • JVP
• Praecordium
  • Inspect
    • Sternotomy
    • Thoracotomy
  • Palpation
    • Apex beat
      • most inferior and lateral point heart can be felt
      • tapping / heaving / thrusting
    • Thrills
  • Auscultate
    • mitral with bell, (turned to left) diaphragm
    • apex, left sternal edge, pulmonary, aortic areas
      • heart sounds
      • murmurs
        • radiation to axilla
      • pericardial rub
    • carotids
      • radiation of murmurs
      • bruits
    • lung bases
• Sacral oedema
• Ankle Oedema
• I would like to...
  • dip urine
  • temperature

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