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Examination
- Cranial Nerves
- IX/X
- decreased palatal movement
- absent gag reflex
- XI
- wasting of sternocleidomastoid
- weak head turning to contralateral side
- weak shoulder shrugging
- (occ. if large tumour) XIIth
- ipsilateral weakness / wasting of tongue
Causes
- Tumour
- Glomus jugulare tumour
- Fracture at base of skull
- Paget's Disease
- Jugular Vein thrombosis
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