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Mild (~2% of general population)
Moderate
- IQ 35-49
- limited comprehension and use of language
- some supervision needed
- rarely achieve completely independent living
- generally full mobile and able to engage in simple social activities
Severe
- IQ 20-34
- may never use language although can use manual signs to communicate
- need significant support for ADLs
- marked degree of motor impairment
Profound
- IQ <20
- only rudimentary non-verbal communication possible
- immobile / severely restricted
- incontinent, constant help and supervision
Causes
- Mild
- gene polymorphisms / environmental factors (normal variation)
- Severe
Prenatal
- chromosome abnormalities
- single gene defects
- foetal alcohol syndrome
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Perinatal (usually not)
- intraventricular haemorrhages
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postnatal
- encephalitis
- meningitis
- trauma (accidents, NAI)
- severe lead poisoning
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Severe MR |
Mild MR |
| Major CNS disorder |
72% |
14% |
| Prevalence in .. |
High Socio-economic status |
0.4% |
0.4% |
| Low socio-economic status |
0.8% |
3.3% |
| Male |
63% |
46% |
| Mean IQ siblings |
103 |
85 |
Specific Syndromes
- Foetal alcohol syndrome
- Down's Syndrome
- Fragile X syndrome
- Neurocutaneous disorders
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Sturge-Weber
- Single gene disorders
Psychiatric disorders
- emotional
- conduct
- hyperactivity
- autistic disorders
- self-injurious behaviours
- probs
- with sleeping, eating, feeding
Diagnostic assessment
- History
- FHX
- Prenatal infections
- alcohol exposure
- parent reports
- school reports
- Physical examination
- Formal psychometric testing
- Selected special investigations
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