Depression in Children

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Depression in Children

See also Depression

• Qualitative difference

  • Incidence 0.5-2.5

  • Different cognitive ability (guilt)

  • Do not express themselves as adults

  • symptom clusters

    • endogenous

    • negative

    • anxiety

• Somatic syndrome

  • anhedonia

  • anorexia

  • insomnia

  • psychomotor retardation

• Cognitive syndrome

• Responds to treatment

• Recurrent course

Suicide

• 5-14

  • 0.8 / 100,000 (0.3%)

• 14-19

  • 7.6 /100,00 (13%)

• Whites > blacks

• Boys > girls

• 2x suicide in family

• 12% monozygotes, 2% dyzygotic twins

• Beware of imitation

Aetiological correlates

• early onset associated with family

• depression in adults related to depression as children

• child depressed correlates with depressed relatives

• shared environment

  • acute events

  • chronic adversity

  • vulnerable factors

Symptoms

• Low mood

• Change in patterns

• Irritation

• Somatic symptoms

• Negativity

Prognosis

• 4 times as much depression in adults

• worse prognosis if occurs in late childhood

• most recover in 2 years

• predictors

  • dysthymia + depression

  • no conduct disorder

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