Personality Disorders
Personality
"characteristic patterns of thought, emotion and behaviour
together with the psychological mechanisms -hidden or not"
Approaches to study
Twin studies 54-80% correlation
Nomothetic
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Type
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Trait
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Eysenck
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Costa & McCrae
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Openness
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Conscientiousness
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Extraversion
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Agreeableness
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Neuroticism
Idiographic
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Psychoanalytic
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Humanistic
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Behavioural
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Classical learning
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Operant conditioning
Abnormality
(ICD 10) "an enduring pattern of inner experience and
behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals
culture is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early
adulthood, is stable over time and leads to distress or impairment"
Cluster A - Odd/eccentric
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Paranoid
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Schizoid
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Emotional coldness
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Eccentric
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aloof
Cluster B - Dramatic / emotional
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Histrionic
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dramatic
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shallowness of mood
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egocentric
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Dissocial
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no guilt
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intolerant
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callous unconcern
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Emotionally unstable
Cluster C - fearful / anxious
- Anankastic
- perfectionist
- pedant
- parsimonious
- Dependent
- Can't take responsibility for actions
- need constant reassurance
- helpless when close relationships break down
- Anxious / avoidant
- hypersensitive to rejection
Schroeder & Livesely
- Psychopathic entitlement
- Dependant emotionality
- Social avoidance
- Compulsiveness
Aetiology
- Genetic
- Sociocultural
- Temperament
- Deviant children grown up (Conduct disorders, ADHD)
- Negative childhood experiences (CSA)
Treatments
Prognosis
- Borderline PDs
- 10% suicide
- 60 % clinical maturation
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