| Heart |
apex beat |
left 5th intercostal space, inside midclavicular line |
| right border |
right atrium |
right side of sternum 3-5th costal cartilages |
| left border |
left ventricle |
2nd costal cartilage to apex beat |
| inferior border |
right ventricle |
5th right costal cartilage to apex beat |
| |
|
| lung |
apex |
above 1st rib |
| apex of lower lobe |
spine of T3 / body of T4 |
| upper lobe |
above 4th costal cartilage |
| middle lobe |
midaxillary line to 4th and 6th costal cartilages on right |
| lower lobe |
upper part |
between vertebral borders of scapulae and vertebrae |
| lower limit of lung |
6th costal cartilage, 8th rib at midaxillary line, T10 |
| Pleura |
lower limit |
8th costal cartilage, 10th rib at midaxillary line T12 |
| Trachea |
|
sternal notch |
| Spleen |
|
lies under 9th, 10th, 11th rib on left side |
| Stomach |
cardioesophageal junction |
3 fingerbreadths below and to the left of the xiphisternal junction |
| pylorus |
transpyloric plane, to right of midline |
| duodenum |
|
transpyloric plane, 4 fingerbreadths to right of midline |
| appendix |
|
(McBurneys point) 1/3 way up line joining anterior superior iliac spine
to umbilicus |
| caecum |
|
right lower quadrant |
| colon |
ascending |
caecum on lateral side of right vertical line, upwards to disappear
under costal margin |
| transverse |
variable, umbilical region |
| descending |
left costal margin lateral to vertical line, in lower quadrant curves
medially and downward to join sigmoid colon |
| liver |
|
under right lower ribs, up to a fingerbreadth palpable on inspiration |
| gall bladder |
|
opposite tip of 9th costal cartilage |
| pancreas |
|
across transpyloric plane |
| head |
below and to right |
| neck |
on transpyloric plane |
| body and tail |
above and to left |
| kidneys |
hilum |
on transpyloric plane 3 fingerbreadth from midline, opposite L1 |
| right |
palpable in lumbar region |
| on back |
spine of T12 to spine of L3 |
| bladder |
empty |
posterior to symphysis pubis |
| full |
above symphysis pubis |