Joints of the arm

Joint	Bones	Type	Ligaments	Movements	Bursae	Notes
Sterno-clavicular	Sternum Clavicle	synovial plane	coracoclavicular	gliding
Acromioclavicular	Scapula	synovial plane	acromioclavicular	gliding
Shoulder	Scapula Humerus	synovial		abduction/adduction flexion/extension circumflexion
Elbow	Humerus Radius Ulnar	synovial		flexion/extension
Proximal Radio-Ulnar	Radius Ulnar	synovial	annular interosseuos membrane	rotation
Distal radio-ulnar	Radius Ulnar	synovial		rotation
Wrist	Radius Carpal Bones	synovial	dorsal and palmar ligaments strengthen capsule collateral ligament on ulna side from styloid process of ulna to pisiform and triquetral	flexion/exetension		Colles Fracture: upward, lateral and backward displacment of distal end of radius

7.2.2 Joints of the Upper Limb

Knowledge of structural and functional classification, type and range of movements at each joint. Specific features for each joint are listed below.

7.2.2.1 Sterno-clavicular and acromio-clavicular joints

Type/range of movements; articular surfaces; coraco- and costo-clavicular (extrinsic) ligaments.

7.2.2.2 Shoulder (gleno-humeral) joint

Type/range of movements; articular surfaces; glenoid labrum; attachments of joint capsule; ligaments; rotator cuff muscles (role in joint stability); muscles acting on joint; movements; role of scapular movements in extending the mobility of the limb.	Frozen shoulder.
Shoulder dislocation: common direction of displacement; complications.	Reduction of dislocated shoulder.

7.2.2.3 Elbow joint

Type/range of movements; articular surfaces; extent of capsule (common with proximal radio-ulmar joint); medial and lateral intrinsic ligaments; muscles acting on joint.

Fracture dislocations of the elbow

Dislocation of head of radius at the proximal radio-ulnar joint (subluxation at the annular ligament).

7.2.2.4 Joints of forearm and wrist

Radio-ulnar joints: Type/range of movements; proximal radio-ulnar joint (RUJ); articular surfaces; annular ligament; distal RUJ; articular surfaces; extent of capsule (common with wrist joint); muscles acting on joints; axis of pronation / supination.
Colles fracture: site, complications.

<> <> <>

7.2.2.5 Joints of the hand

Type/range of movements of thumb, fingers; articular surfaces of: intercarpal joints; carpometacarpal joints (thumb - saddle joint); metacarpo-phalangeal joints; interphalangeal joints; muscles acting on joints.

Dislocations of fingers, thumb

<> <> <> <> <>