Rubella

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Rubella

• Togaviridae
  • Rubivirus,
  • ssRNA, +ve sense
• Child or adult

Features

• Lymphadenopathy
• Arthralgia
• Low grade fever
• Often subclinical
• Increased rash cf. measles

Transmission

• by respiratory route

Course

• Incubation period 14-23 days (avg=16-18)
• Prodromal illness not always present
• Rash
• Day 1 – discrete pink macules (maculopapular haemorrhagic), face (mouth) to ear then downwards
• Day 2 – trunk coalescing to form pinkish flush, limbs have discrete papules
• Day 3 – rash fades, no staining
• Infectious period 1 week before onset to 4 days after

Complications

• Post-infectious encephalopathy (1:5000)
• Thrombocytopenia
• Arthralgia/arthritis
• Congenital rubella syndrome

Differential diagnosis

• Erythema infectiosum/parvovirus B19
• Exanthema subitum (6^th disease)
• Enterovirus
• Adenovirus
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Scarlet fever
• Dengue
• Drug reaction
• Measles

Management

• symptomatic
• Vaccine available
 

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