Papilloedema

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Papilloedema

• Bulging forward of the optic disc due to raised intracranial pressure.

Examination

• Eyes
  • acuity 
    • usually normal
  • field
    • increased size of blind spot
    • Tunnel Vision / concentric field loss if severe
  • pupils
    • dependant on pathology
  • movements
  • fundi
    • loss of venous pulsation
    • blurred disc margin
    • swelling of optic head
    • localised haemorrhages
    • Hypertensive Retinopathy

Causes

• intracranial space occupying lesion
  • tumour
  • abscess
  • haematoma
• accelerated hypertension
• idiopathic intracranial hypertension
• hydrocephalus
• hypercapnia
• Central Retinal Vein Thrombosis
• Grave's Disease
• Hypocalcaemia
• Severe Anaemia
• Guillain-Barre Syndrome (rare)
  • due to increased CSF protein

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