tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline
active against Neisseria meningitidis
broad spectrum
bacteriostatic
bind reversibly to 30S ribosome, blocking binding of tRNA
inhibit protein synthesis
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Rikkettsia
Brucella (doxycycline + streptomycin / rifampicin)
Borrelia durgdorferi
Chronic Bronchitis
Haemophilus influenzae
Leptospirosis
Acne
active efflux
most common cause of resistance
several genes responsible
decreased penetration
OmpF protein mutation can give resistance to tetracyclines, beta-lactams, quinolones, chloramphenical
alteration of target site
production of proteins protecting 30S ribosome
enzymatic modification
absorption reduced by
milk
antacids
calcium / iron / magnesium / zinc salts
stain teeth and bones so don't use in <12s, pregnant / breastfeeding women
nausea
vomiting
diarrhoea
dysphagia
oesophageal irritation
hypersensitity
rash
exfoliative dermatitis
urticaria
angioedema
anaphylaxis
pericarditis
exacerbation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Myasthenia Gravis
benign intracranial hypertension
headache and visual disturbances
hepatotoxicity
pancreatitis
antibiotic-associated colitis
(except doxycycline, minocycline) exacerbate Renal Failure